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appunti-steffo/7 - Introduction to quantum information processing/2 - Gates semplici/gate quantistico universale.md

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Un [[gate quantistico]] che permette di effettuare una rotazione su asse arbitrario.
Usando la [[formula di Eulero]], esso corrisponde a:
$$
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\def \varX {{\color{coral} a}}
\def \varY {{\color{cornflowerblue} b}}
\def \varZ {{\color{yellowgreen} c}}
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\def \varI {{\color{hotpink} i}}
\Huge
\mathbf{U}(\varX, \varY, \varZ) = \begin{bmatrix}
\cos \left( \frac{\varX}{2} \right) &
- e^{\varI \varZ} \sin \left( \frac{\varX}{2} \right) \\
e^{\varI \varY} \sin \left( \frac{\varX}{2} \right) &
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e^{\varI \varY + \varI \varZ} \cos \left( \frac{\varX}{2} \right)
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\end{bmatrix}
$$
Espanso, sarebbe:
$$
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\def \varX {{\color{coral} a}}
\def \varY {{\color{cornflowerblue} b}}
\def \varZ {{\color{yellowgreen} c}}
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\def \varI {{\color{hotpink} i}}
\mathbf{U}(\varX, \varY, \varZ) = \begin{bmatrix}
\cos \frac{\varX}{2} &
- (\cos \varZ + \varI \sin \varZ) \cdot \sin \frac{\varX}{2} \\
(\cos \varY + \varI \sin \varY) \cdot \sin \frac{\varX}{2} &
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(cos (\varY + \varZ) + \varI \sin (\varY + \varZ)) \cdot \cos \frac{\varX}{2}
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\end{bmatrix}
$$
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> [!Note]
> Il parametro $\varX$ modifica il valore del [[qbit]], mentre i parametri $\varY$ e $\varZ$ ne modificano la fase!